Reuters (think IN pictures @1WORLDCommunity)
SitiWanMahani - Senjata nuklear strategik di Amerika Syarikat telah
terjejas sekurang-kurangnya 2 kali ganda tahun ini. Pegawai-pegawai Tentera
Udara mengakui bahawa 2 juruteknik peluru berpandu Amerika Syarikat ditugaskan
dengan kekunci pelancaran ditemui berulang kali meninggalkan pintu letupan
terbuka semasa tidur.
Associated Press telah belajar bahawa dalam
kedua-dua episod pintu konkrit dan keluli untuk pelancaran bawah tanah pusat
kawalan telah dibiarkan terbuka. Walau bagaimanapun, tentera udara Amerika
Syarikat mengekalkan keselamatan telah tidak diabaikan “kerana pelbagai
perlindungan dan perlindungan lain di tempat itu.”
Pintu letupan untuk senjata nuklear Amerika Syarikat
tidak pernah dibiarkan terbuka jika salah seorang pegawai di dalam sedang tidur
sebagai penceroboh boleh menjejaskan Kod pelancaran rahsia. Pegawai-pegawai di
dalam bunker, yang dikenali sebagai missileers, adalah sebahagian daripada
barisan pertahanan terakhir untuk melancarkan ICBMs Amerika Syarikat.
Arahan Tentera Udara pada ICBM keselamatan senjata
berkata, “Satu ‘Crewmember’ pada satu masa boleh tidur bertugas, tetapi
kedua-dua mesti sedar dan mampu mengesan satu tindakan yang tidak sah jika . .
. Pelancaran Pusat Kawalan pintu letupan terbuka.”
AP tahu bahawa kedua-dua insiden berlaku pada bulan
April dan Mei di 2 yang berbeza Amerika Syarikat kuasa pangkalan udara di North
Dakota dan Montana. AP disahkan kedua-dua insiden dengan beberapa pegawai
Tentera Udara yang lain.
Melanggar yang pertama pintu letupan dibiarkan
terbuka sebagai salah satu daripada 2 anggota krew di dalam ‘napped’ itu
melanggar Tentera Udara “peraturan keselamatan sistem senjata.” Salah satu
pegawai yang terlibat dalam kejadian April di Wing Missile 91 di Minot
Pangkalan Tentera Udara di North Dakota berbohong tentang acara sebelum
mengakui pelanggaran.
Pegawai lain yang bertanggungjawab bagi pintu
melanggar letupan pada bulan April mengaku semasa penyiasatan prosedur tanpa
ditangkap.
Untuk pelanggaran mereka askar telah diberikan
hukuman bukan kehakiman di bawah Kod Seragam Keadilan Tentera. Seorang pegawai menerima
surat teguran dan terpaksa menyerahkan $ 2246 dalam gaji untuk 2 bulan, menurut
Lt Kol John helaian, jurucakap Force Command Strike Global Air. Pegawai
pelancaran lain yang juga mengaku banyak pelanggaran telah diberikan surat
teguran, berkata helaian.
Satu lagi pelanggaran disahkan berlaku di Mei di
Malmstrom Air Force Base, Montana. Dalam kejadian ini, seorang pekerja
penyelenggaraan dilaporkan pintu terbuka dengan timbalan komander krew tidur.
Ketika disoal oleh pegawai atasan, timbalan komander krew mengaku, selepas pada
mulanya menafikan tuduhan, kemudian mendakwa bahawa komander krew itu meminta
beliau untuk berbohong, berkata helaian .
Sebagai hukuman, jurucakap itu berkata, dia telah
diberi surat teguran dan mengarahkan untuk membatalkan $ 3045 dalam gaji selama
2 bulan. Timbalan komander krew telah diberikan surat teguran.
Jurucakap untuk Tentera Perintah Strike Global Air
berkata Minot dan Malmstrom pelanggaran adalah letupan hanya pintu kes-kes
disiplin dalam sekurang-kurangnya 2 tahun.
Tidur bersandar dibenarkan semasa peralihan 24
jam, yang juga dikenali sebagai “berjaga-jaga.” Tetapi peraturan yang
menetapkan bahawa pintu direka untuk melindungi anak-anak kapal daripada kesan
letupan serangan nuklear langsung, mesti ditutup jika seseorang itu tidur siang.
Komander Amerika Syarikat Air Force Command Strike
Global di Barksdale Air Force Base di Louisiana, Leftenan Jeneral James
Kowalski, dalam satu temu bual minggu lalu berkata bahawa dia tidak tahu
apa-apa pelanggaran yang telah berlaku.
“Saya tidak sedar bahawa ia adalah apa-apa yang
berbeza daripada ia pernah sebelum ini,” Kowalski dipetik oleh AP. “Dan jika ia
telah berlaku di luar sana pada masa lalu dan telah diterima, ia tidak diterima
sekarang. Jadi saya rasa ini adalah, jika kita tahu yang mereka lakukan, mereka
akan dikenakan tindakan disiplin untuk itu.”
“Satu-satunya cara yang anda boleh mempunyai seorang
crew member dalam ‘status lain’ adalah jika pintu letupan ditutup dan tidak ada
kemungkinan sesiapa sahaja yang pusat kawalan pelancaran,” kata Leftenan
Jeneral James Kowalski.
Asleep on the job: US nuclear missile launch
officers repeatedly compromised bunker safety . . .
The strategic nuclear arsenal of the United States
has been compromised at least twice this year. Air force officials admitted
that two US missile technicians assigned with launch keys were discovered
repeatedly leaving a blast door open while sleeping.
The Associated Press has learned that in both
episodes a concrete-and-steel door to the underground launch control center was
left open. However the US air force maintains security has not been compromised
"due to the multiple safeguards and other protections in place."
The blast doors to US nuclear munitions are never to
be left open if one of the officers inside is asleep as an intruder can
compromise the secret launch codes. The officers inside the bunker, known as
missileers, are part of the last line of defense for launching US ICBMs.
The Air Force instruction on ICBM weapon safety
says, "One crewmember at a time may sleep on duty, but both must be awake
and capable of detecting an unauthorized act if ... the Launch Control Center
blast door is open.”
The AP learned that the two incidents occurred in
April and May at two different US air force bases in North Dakota and
Montana. The AP confirmed both incidents
with several other Air Force officials.
In the first violation the blast doors were left
open as one of two crew members inside napped thus violating the Air Force’s
"weapon system safety rules." One of the officers involved in the
April incident at the 91st Missile Wing at Minot Air Force Base in North Dakota
lied about the event before admitting to the violation.
The other officer responsible for a blast door
violation in April confessed during an investigation of procedures without
getting caught.
For their
violations the servicemen were given non-judicial punishment under the Uniform
Code of Military Justice. One officer received a letter of reprimand and had to
surrender $2,246 in pay for two months, according to Lt. Col. John Sheets,
spokesman for Air Force Global Strike Command. The other launch officer who
also admitted to numerous violations was given a letter of admonishment, Sheets
said.
Another confirmed violation happened in May at
Malmstrom Air Force Base, Montana. In this incident, a maintenance worker
reported the door was open with the deputy crew commander asleep. When
questioned by superiors, the deputy crew commander confessed, after initially
denying the accusations, later claiming that her crew commander asked her to
lie, Sheets said.
As punishment, the spokesperson said, she was given
a letter of reprimand and ordered to forfeit $3,045 in pay for two months. The
deputy crew commander was given a letter of reprimand.
The spokesman for Air Force Global Strike Command
said the Minot and Malmstrom violations were the only blast door disciplinary
cases in at least two years.
Sleep rests are permitted during a 24-hour shift,
also known as an "alert." But the rules stipulate that the door
designed to protect the crew from the blast effects of a direct nuclear strike,
must be closed if one is napping.
Commander of the US Air Force Global Strike Command
at Barksdale Air Force Base in Louisiana, Lieutenant General James Kowalski, in
an interview last week said that he was unaware of any violations that have
taken place.
"I'm not aware of it being any different than
it's ever been before," Kowalski was quoted by AP. "And if it had
happened out there in the past and was tolerated, it is not tolerated now. So
my sense of this is, if we know they're doing it, they'll be disciplined for
it."
"The only way that you can have a crew member
in 'rest status' is if that blast door is shut and there is no possibility of
anyone accessing the launch control center," said Lt. Gen. James Kowalski.
LGM-30G Minuteman balistik peluru berpandu antara
benua (ICBM) (L) dan LG-118A peluru berpandu Peacekeeper (AFP Photo/US DoD – think IN pictures @1WORLDCommunity)
Bekas pegawai di ICBM pelancaran kawalan, Bruce
Blair, memberitahu AP bahawa pelanggaran itu meningkatkan risiko pelancaran
tidak dibenarkan.
“Pelanggaran Ini mungkin membantu membolehkan orang
luar untuk mendapat akses ke pusat pelancaran itu, dan Kod super- rahsia,” kata
Blair. “Pembatalan sedemikian mungkin berkesan meneutralkan untuk tempoh masa
yang panjang keseluruhan Amerika Syarikat senjata nuklear strategik dan
keupayaan Presiden untuk melancarkan kuasa-kuasa strategik manakala duduk di
Pentagon untuk mengeluarkan semula kod baru,” katanya.
Dalam usaha untuk mendapatkan akses kepada pintu
letupan penceroboh yang berpotensi untuk mengatasi beberapa halangan sebelum
mencapai pintu multi-tan yang apabila ditutup dikunci dengan 12 pin keluli
hidraulik dikendalikan. Pintu ini terletak bersebelahan dengan aci lif, akses
kepada yang dikawal atas tanah dengan pelbagai kamera keselamatan dan unit
rondaan. Setiap pusat pelancaran bawah tanah beroperasi 10 Minuteman 3 peluru
berpandu.
Pendirian peluru disimpan di dalam konkrit
bertetulang menara penyimpanan dan dikawal oleh kabel komunikasi dikebumikan. ICBMs
adalah berkadaran dibahagikan “sayap” yang berpangkalan di North Dakota,
Wyoming dan Montana. Setiap sayap kemudiannya berpecah kepada 3 skuadron, yang
bertanggungjawab untuk 50 peluru berpandu.
Ini bukan kali pertama keselamatan senjata nuklear Amerika
Syarikat telah membuat tajuk utama dalam beberapa bulan kebelakangan ini.
Awal bulan ini, Naib Laksamana Tim Giardina,
timbalan komander kuasa nuklear Amerika Syarikat, telah dilepaskan daripada
tugas sementara siasatan terus ke dalam tuduhan cip palsu yang digunakan oleh
Giardina di kasino Iowa. Komander dipecat daripada jawatan itu selepas Tentera
Laut mendapati bahawa beliau terlibat dalam skandal kasino pada bulan Jun yang
terlibat “jumlah wang yang besar.”
Pada bulan Ogos, pegawai-pegawai Tentera Udara Amerika
Syarikat mengakui bahawa unit peluru berpandu nuklear gagal pemeriksaan
keselamatan dan keselamatan kepada 3 asas, menyebabkan 17 pegawai yang digantung
daripada peluru berpandu operasi.
Wing Missile 341 beribu pejabat di Montana adalah
salah satu daripada 3 pangkalan Amerika Syarikat yang mengekalkan dan
mengendalikan Minuteman 3 peluru berpandu balistik antara benua. 2 daripada
tiga asas telah menerima keputusan yang buruk dalam keselamatan dan pemeriksaan
keselamatan; asas yang ke-3 adalah di Warren di Wyoming.
Former officer at ICBM launch control, Bruce Blair,
told AP that such violations increase the risk of unauthorized launch.
"This transgression might help enable outsiders
to gain access to the launch center, and to its super-secret codes," Blair
said. "Such invalidation might effectively neutralize for an extended
period of time the entire US strategic nuclear arsenal and the President's
ability to launch strategic forces while the Pentagon scrambles to re-issue new
codes," he added.
In order to gain access to the blast door a
potential intruder has to overcome a number of obstacles before reaching the
multi-ton door that when closed is locked by 12 hydraulically operated steel
pins. The door is located next to an elevator shaft, access to which is
controlled above-ground with numerous security cameras and patrol units. Each
underground launch center operates 10 Minuteman 3 missiles.
The missiles stand is kept in a reinforced concrete
storage tower and is controlled by buried communications cables. The ICBMs are
proportionally divided in "wings" based in North Dakota, Wyoming and
Montana. Each wing is then split into three squadrons, which are responsible
for 50 missiles.
This is not the first time the safety of US nuclear
arsenal has made the headlines in recent months.
Earlier this month Vice Admiral Tim Giardina, the
deputy commander of US nuclear forces, was relieved of duty while an
investigation continues into allegations of counterfeit chips used by the
Giardina at an Iowa casino. The commander was fired from the post after the
Navy found out that he was involved in a casino scandal in June that involved
“a significant monetary amount.”
In August, US Air Force officials admitted that a
nuclear missile unit failed a safety and security inspection on three of its
bases, resulting in 17 officers being suspended from operating missiles.
The 341st Missile Wing headquartered in Montana is
one of three US bases that maintains and operates the Minuteman 3
intercontinental ballistic missiles. Two of the three bases have received poor
results during safety and security inspections; the third base is in Warren in
Wyoming.
SitiWanMahani - Tentera
menggoncang di Tahap Tertinggi. Komander elit dalam Tentera Udara dan nombor 2
pegawai berpangkat untuk senjata nuklear ditolak. (Military shake up at the
Highest Levels. Elite commander in the Air Force and the number two ranking
officer for nuclear weapons dismissed).
+terbang+lalui+ombak+sebagai+tunda+nelayan+menjadikan+ia+cara+di+luar+pantai+Calais,+utara+Perancis.jpg "Two Morus Bassanus, known as Northern Gannet, (fou de bassan) fly over the waves as a fishing trawler makes it way off the coast of Calais, northern France, October 22, 2013. REUTERS/Pascal Rossignol (FRANCE - ANIMALS MARITIME TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY– think IN pictures @1WORLDCommunity)")
+mengalu-alukan+Setiausaha+Negara+Amerika.jpg "French Foreign Affairs Minister Laurent Fabius (C) welcomes U.S. Secretary of State John Kerry (L) at the Foreign Affairs Ministry in Paris October 22, 2013. France summoned U.S. ambassador Charles Rivkin on Monday after Le Monde newspaper reported the huge scale of alleged American spying on French citizens, with Fabius calling the revelations unacceptable. The allegations tested France's relations with Washington just as Kerry arrived in Paris for the start of a European tour over Syria. REUTERS/Philippe Wojazer (FRANCE - POLITICS TPX IMAGES OF THE DAY– think IN pictures @1WORLDCommunity)")
