Amerika Syarikat menghantar kapal serangan dengan 1,000 Marin berhampiran Libya, meminta Amerika untuk 'segera berlepas' . . .

USS Bataan (AFP Photo/Justin Webster)

SitiWanMahani - Amerika Syarikat sedang menghantar 1,000 Marin di sebuah kapal serangan amfibia ke pantai Libya sebagai "berjaga-jaga" Langkah perlu kedutaan Ame-rika Syarikat memerlukan pemindahan, kata seorang pegawai Amerika Syarikat. Masalah keselamatan juga mengetuai Amerika Syarikat untuk mencadangkan Amerika di Libya "berlepas serta-merta."

Menambah kepada ketegangan, lelaki bersenjata menyerang rumah Tripoli bagi Perdana Menteri baru Libya, Ahmed Maiteeq, pada Selasa. Ahli perniagaan Maiteeq , 42, dan keluarganya melarikan diri bahaya, menurut AFP.

Pembantu kepada Maiteeq berkata "terdapat satu serangan roket dan senjata kecil di rumah Perdana Menteri" di Tripoli pada 3:00 pagi (0100 GMT). Pengawal Maiteeq itu melepaskan tembakan ke atas penyerang, melukai dan menangkap 2 daripada mereka, tambah pegawai itu.

Dalam reaksi kepada persengketaan memuncak di Libya, USS Bataan, dipenuhi dengan beberapa helikopter di samping Marin, adalah untuk menjadi di kawasan pesisiran pantai di negara ini "dalam masa beberapa hari," kata seorang pegawai pertahanan tanpa nama Amerika Syarikat, menurut AFP.

Langkah pencegahan adalah reaksi kepada pertempuran militia semakin ganas, yang boleh mengancam keselamatan kedutaan Amerika, kata pegawai itu.

Berdasarkan peningkatan kebimbangan keselamatan, Jabatan Negara Amerika Syarikat disyorkan Selasa bahawa Amerika di Libya "berlepas serta-merta."

"Sebab-sebab keselamatan, Jabatan Negara telah kakitangan terhad di Kedutaan Tripoli dan hanya dapat menawarkan perkhidmatan kecemasan yang sangat terhad untuk rakyat Amerika Syarikat di Libya," kata amaran perjalanan.

Amerika Syarikat juga ada mempunyai 250 Marin, 7 pesawat tempur Osprey, dan 3 pesawat mengisi minyak di Sigonella, Itali, AFP melaporkan.

Jabatan Negara berkata minggu lepas bahawa kedutaannya di Tripoli telah beroperasi seperti biasa walaupun perbalahan melalui dilancarkan oleh umum pembangkang, Khalifah Haftar, terhadap parlimen Libya dan puak Islam.

Angkatan Khas Tentera Libya Komander Wanis Bukhamada (depanDaritenggah) menyampaikan satu kenyataan di Benghazi 19 Mei 2014. Bukhamada telah bersekutu dengan umum murtad Khalifah Haftar dalam kempen menentang militan Islam, menonjolkan kegagalan kerajaan pusat di Tripoli untuk menegaskan kekuasaannya (Libyan Army Special Forces Commander Wanis Bukhamada (front C) delivers a statement in Benghazi May 19, 2014. Bukhamada has allied with renegade general Khalifah Haftar in his campaign against militant Islamists, highlighting the failure of central government in Tripoli to assert its authority (Reuters/Esam Al-Fetori)

Sementara itu, Mohamed Zahawi, ketua Ansar Al-Syariah kumpulan militan Libya di Beng-hazi, memberi amaran terhadap mana-mana campur tangan Amerika Syarikat dalam kekacauan berterusan negara.

Zahawi menuduh kerajaan Amerika Syarikat menyokong Ketua Haftar, suatu "Gaddafi baru," dan "ejen perisikan Amerika."

"Kami mengingatkan Amerika, jika mereka campur tangan, kekalahan mereka di Afgha-nistan, Iraq dan Somalia, kerana mereka akan menghadapi di Libya tentang yang lebih buruk," katanya dalam satu kenyataan hari ini. "Ia adalah Amerika yang menggesa Haftar untuk menjadikan negara ke arah perang dan pertumpahan darah."

Jabatan Negara telah menafikan apa-apa peranan dalam perbalahan melalui baru-baru ini Haftar meskipun tuduhan bahawa Amerika Syarikat adalah menggalakkan pegawai tentera kanan. Haftar dahulunya dihabiskan dekad di Amerika Syarikat sebelum pulang ke Libya pada tahun 2011 untuk menyertai pemberontak berjuang rejim kemudian Presiden Muammar Gaddafi.

Berikutan penyingkiran Gaddafi pada tahun 2011, militia di Libya yang tidak stabil berkembang dalam bilangan, kedua-dua mengeksploitasi dan mengisi jurang keselamatan sementara negara bergelut dengan lemah tentera dan pasukan polis.

Parlimen Libya masih berpecah oleh persaingan, dengan pembaharuan demokratik kecil yang dibuat sejak 2011. Negara ini kini di bawah pemerintahan Perdana Menteri yang ke-3 sejak Mac, dan perlembagaan baru masih tidak bersedia.

Maiteeq, yang disokong oleh Islam di Parlimen, telah dipilih sebagai perdana menteri baru bulan ini di undi huru-hara oleh Kongres Agung Kebangsaan. Beliau menggantikan Abdullah Al-Thani, yang meletak jawatan pada April selepas mendakwa beliau dan keluarga beliau adalah sasaran serangan.

Maiteeq telah menjemput lawan untuk menyertai "dialog negara yang komprehensif untuk melengkapkan institusi negeri," walaupun dia juga telah berkata beliau komited untuk "menekan peperangan menentang pengganas dan mereka yang mengancam keselamatan negara," mengangguk kepada militan timur, beberapa daripada mereka membuat benteng terminal minyak di rantau ini.

US sends assault ship with 1,000 Marines near Libya, asks Americans to 'depart immediately' . . .

The US is sending 1,000 Marines in an amphibious assault ship to Libya's coast as a “precautionary” move should the US embassy require evacuation, a US official said. Security concerns also led the US to suggest Americans in Libya "depart immediately."

Adding to tensions, gunmen attacked the Tripoli home of Libya’s new prime minister, Ahmed Maiteeq, on Tuesday. Businessman Maiteeq, 42, and his family escaped harm, according to AFP.

An aide to Maiteeq said "there was an attack with rockets and small arms on the prime minister's house" in Tripoli at 3:00 a.m. (0100 GMT). Maiteeq’s guards opened fire on the attackers, wounding and arresting two of them, the official added.

In reaction to the heightened strife in Libya, the USS Bataan, stocked with several helicopters in addition to the Marines, is to be in the nation’s coastal area “in a matter of days,” an anonymous US defense official said, according to AFP.

The preemptive move is a reaction to increasingly violent militia battles, which could threaten the American embassy’s security, the official said.

Based on escalating security concerns, the US State Department recommended Tuesday that Americans in Libya "depart immediately."

"Due to security concerns, the Department of State has limited staffing at Embassy Tripoli and is only able to offer very limited emergency services to US citizens in Libya," the travel warning said.

The US also has 250 available Marines, seven Osprey combat aircraft, and three refueling aircraft in Sigonella, Italy, AFP reported.

The State Department said last week that its embassy in Tripoli was operating as usual despite offensives launched by a dissident general, Khalifa Haftar, against the Libyan parliament and Islamist factions.

Meanwhile, Mohamed Zahawi, the head of Libya’s Ansar Al-Sharia militant group in Benghazi, warned against any US interference in the nation’s ongoing tumult.

Zahawi accused the US government of backing General Haftar, a "new Gaddafi," and an "agent of American intelligence.”

“We remind America, if they intervene, of their defeats in Afghanistan, Iraq and Somalia, because they would face in Libya something much worse," he said in a statement on Tuesday. "It was America who urged Haftar to turn the country towards war and bloodshed."

The State Department has denied any role in Haftar’s recent offensives despite accusations that the US is encouraging the senior military official. Haftar previously spent decades in the US before returning to Libya in 2011 to join rebels fighting the regime of then-president Muammar Gaddafi.

Following the ouster of Gaddafi in 2011, militias in a destabilized Libya expanded in numbers, both exploiting and filling in the security gap while the nation struggled with weak military and police forces.

Libya's parliament remains split by rivalries, with little democratic reforms made since 2011. The country is now under the rule of its third prime minister since March, and a new constitution is still not ready.

Maiteeq, who is backed by Islamists in parliament, was chosen as the new premier this month in a chaotic vote by the General National Congress. He replaced Abdullah Al-Thani, who resigned in April after claiming he and his family were the target of attacks.

Maiteeq has invited opponents to join a "comprehensive national dialogue to complete state institutions,” though he has also said he is committed to "pressing the battle against terrorists and those who threaten the security of the country," a nod to eastern militants, some of whom are blockading oil terminals in the region.

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'Langsung tidak memperdulikan integriti moral': Celaan China taktik mengintip Amerika Syarikat . . .

Logo Amerika Syarikat Perintah Siber (Logo for the The US Cyber Command (AFP Photo/HO/DoD)

SitiWanMahani - China telah melabelkan Amerika Syarikat mengambil siber mengintip yang "langsung tidak memperdulikan integriti moral" dan menuduh negara ini mengambil kesempatan daripada hegemoni geopolitik untuk mengintip orang lain, satu laporan Cina oleh badan maklumat internet dinyatakan pada hari Selasa.

Beijing berkata bahawa kaedah Amerika Syarikat yang terlibat serangan besar - luas terhadap kerajaan China.

"Operasi mengintip Amerika telah pergi jauh di luar rasional undang-undang 'anti- keganasan' dan telah terdedah wajah buruk usaha mencapai kepentingan diri dalam langsung tidak memperdulikan integriti moral," kata kajian yang diterbitkan oleh China Akademi Angkasa Cyber.

"Sebagai kuasa besar, Amerika Syarikat mengambil kesempatan daripada hegemoni politik, ekonomi, ketenteraan dan teknologi untuk memantau unscrupulously negara-negara lain, termasuk sekutunya," tambah laporan itu.

'Rekod Pengawasan Global Amerika' dikeluarkan seminggu selepas Amerika Syarikat tuduh 5 pegawai tentera China menggodam sistem komputer Amerika Syarikat.

Jabatan Kehakiman Amerika Syarikat telah mengambil langkah tidak pernah berlaku sebelum penerbitan, bersama-sama dengan dakwaan 48-halaman, gambar-gambar dari-pada lima.

Editorial berikutnya di dalam Times Global, anak syarikat harian Rakyat, jurnal rasmi Par-ti Komunis China, telah dipenuhi dengan penghinaan bertujuan Washington pada 21 Mei.

China mengumumkan Khamis lalu bahawa ia akan menyiasat pembekal barangan IT penting dan perkhidmatan baris berikut.

"Kita perlu menggalakkan pertubuhan dan individu yang hak telah dilanggar berdiri dan mendakwa Washington," kata akhbar itu.

'Rekod Pengawasan Global Amerika' menuduh Amerika Syarikat yang disasarkan khusus kepada China.

"Sasaran pengawasan Amerika termasuk kerajaan China dan para pemimpin China, syarikat-syarikat Cina, institusi penyelidikan saintifik, netizens biasa, dan sebilangan besar pengguna telefon bimbit," kata laporan itu, mengatakan bahawa di kalangan sasaran NSA adalah Kementerian hal ehwal Luar Negeri dan Huawei Technologies Co

"Operasi mengintip Amerika Syarikat menembusi setiap sudut dari China," katanya. Lapo-ran itu merujuk laporan akhbar asing pengawasan dalam talian Amerika Syarikat, yang telah mendedahkan sedikit demi sedikit oleh dokumen dari bekas kontraktor Agensi Kese-lamatan Negara Edward Snowden.

Selain itu pada hari Selasa, China mengumumkan bahawa ia telah mengkaji pergantungan bank domestik' pada Mesin Perniagaan Antarabangsa Corp (IBM), menurut sumber-sumber Bloomberg.

‘People’s Bank of China’ dan Kementerian Kewangan adalah antara yang meminta bank-bank mengeluarkan pelayan dan percubaan jenama tempatan. 4 sumber yang diminta untuk disimpan tanpa nama, sebagai kajian semula itu tidak dianggap awam.

'Complete disregard for moral integrity': 

China lambasts US spying tactics . . .

China has labeled the US take on cyber-spying a “complete disregard for moral integrity” and has accused the country of taking advantage of its geopolitical hegemony to spy on others, a Chinese report by an internet information body stated on Tuesday.

Beijing said that US methods involved broad-scale attacks against the Chinese government.

“America's spying operations have gone far beyond the legal rationale of ‘anti-terrorism’ and have exposed the ugly face of its pursuit of self-interest in complete disregard for moral integrity,” concluded the research published by the China Academy of Cyber Space.

“As a superpower, the United States takes advantage of its political, economic, military and technological hegemony to unscrupulously monitor other countries, including its allies,” the report added.

‘America’s Global Surveillance Record’ was released one week after the US accused five Chinese military officers of hacking US computer systems.

The US Justice Department took the unprecedented move of publishing, together with a 48-page indictment, the photographs of the five.

A subsequent editorial in the Global Times, a subsidiary of the People’s Daily, the official journal of China’s Communist Party, was packed with insults aimed at Washington on May 21.

China announced last Thursday that it would be investigating providers of important IT products and services following the row.

“We should encourage organizations and individuals whose rights have been infringed to stand up and sue Washington,” the newspaper said.

‘America’s Global Surveillance Record’ accused the US of specifically targeting China.

“Targets of American surveillance include the Chinese government and Chinese leaders, Chinese companies, scientific research institutes, ordinary netizens, and a large number of cell phone users,” the report said, saying that among NSA targets were the Ministry of Foreign affairs and Huawei Technologies Co.

“US spying operations penetrate every corner of China,” it said. The report referenced foreign newspaper reports of US online surveillance, which have been revealed little-by-little by documents from former National Security Agency contractor Edward Snowden.

Additionally on Tuesday, China announced that it was reviewing its domestic banks’ dependence on International Business Machines Corp. (IBM), according to Bloomberg sources.

The People’s Bank of China and the Ministry of Finance were among those requesting banks remove the servers and trial a local brand. The four sources requested to be kept anonymous, as the review was not considered public.

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(GRAPHIC) 'Jihad yang berdarah': pemberontak Syria kutuk pelampau UK untuk kekejamannya . . .

Pejuang pemberontak berkumpul berhampiran mayat mangsa satu pengeboman berani mati yang didakwa dilakukan oleh kumpulan al-Qaeda berkaitan Negara Islam Iraq dan Levant ini (ISIL) berhampiran ibu pejabat Tentera Mujahideen  (Rebel fighters gather near the bodies of the victims of an alleged suicide bombing carried by al-Qaeda-linked group Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant's (ISIL) near the headquarters of the Army of the Mujahideen (AFP Photo/Zakariya Al-Kafi)

SitiWanMahani - Komander kanan pemberontak Syria telah berkata bahawa rakyat Britain di Syria membentuk majoriti daripada anggota yang asing kumpulan pengganas yang paling dahagakan darah di negara ini, terkenal dengan penglibatannya dalam pancung kepala dan penyaliban.  

"Mereka tidak adalah pejuang kebebasan. Mereka adalah pengganas. Kami, rakyat Syria kini mengalami pancung kepala, penyaliban, pemukulan, pembunuhan, kaedah yang ketinggalan zaman merawat wanita, pendekatan usang untuk mengawal masyarakat. Ramai yang mengambil bahagian dalam aktiviti ini adalah British, "Free Syrian Army’s Brigadier Jeneral Abdulellah Basheer menulis dalam surat kepada The Times diterbitkan pada hari Isnin.

Pejuang lain datang dari Perancis, Jerman, Belgium dan pelbagai negara di seluruh Timur Tengah dan Afrika, jadi kumpulan itu kebanyakannya asing, kata Basheer.

Mayat digari dan ditutup mata orang yang mati terletak pada alasan ibu pejabat Aleppo di Negara Islam Iraq dan Levant (ISIL) selepas mereka didakwa dilaksanakan oleh kumpulan al-Qaeda, di bandar utara Aleppo (Bodies of handcuffed and blindfolded dead men lie on the ground of the Aleppo headquarters of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) after they were allegedly executed by the al-Qaeda-linked group, in the northern city of Aleppo (AFP Photo/Zakariya Al-Kafi)

Pada masa yang sama, pemimpin yang dipanggil untuk UK untuk membekalkan senjata untuk membantu melawan kumpulan Sunni, yang dikenali sebagai Negeri Islam di Iraq dan Syria (ISIS) dan meminta bantuan dalam menahan sfera pengaruh mereka dan mencegah ideologinya daripada dieksport .

Kumpulan itu menggunakan apa-apa kaedah ganas melampau yang ia telah pun dikecam oleh Al-Qaeda, yang pada bulan Februari mengeluarkan kenyataan untuk berlepas diri dari kumpulan yang dikenali sebagai Negeri Islam di Iraq dan Levant (ISIL) pada masa itu. 'S' terakhir dalam akronim berasal dari 'al-Sham' dan sama ada boleh bermakna Levant atau Syria.

"Keganasan tidak keluar dari fesyen; Syria telah menjadi kilang pengeluaran yang ter-kemuka, "kata Basheer menulis. "Jika ISIL dibenarkan berkembang, pengganas, setelah meletakkan kemahiran mereka untuk ujian dalam negara saya, akan kembali ke negara asal mereka, mungkin ke UK, dan terus di jalan jahat mereka kebinasaan."

2 Mayat lelaki yang didakwa disalibkan oleh pejuang dari kumpulan al-Qaeda, Negara Islam Iraq dan Levant (ISIL) di bandar Syria utara Raqqa (The bodies of two men who were allegedly crucified by fighters from the al-Qaeda-linked group, Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) in the northern Syrian city of Raqqa. (AFP Photo/HO/Syrian Observatory of Human Rights)

Minggu lepas, Mashudur Choudhury berusia 31 tahun, seorang ayah yang berpangkalan di UK dua, adalah dari Britain yang pertama didapati bersalah oleh juri daripada kesalahan pengganas dikaitkan dengan keganasan Syria.

"Bukti-bukti yang jelas menunjukkan bahawa defendan ini dirancang dan kemudian mengembara ke Syria dengan niat untuk menghadiri kem latihan," pendakwa, Alison Morgan, memberitahu juri.

Basheer ditawarkan penilaiannya terhadap sabitan itu: "Dia adalah salah satu daripada banyak. Mereka tidak adalah pejuang kebebasan, hanya pengganas. "

Menurut Ketua anti-keganasan Kesatuan Eropah, Gilles de Kerchove, sekitar 500 orang Eropah berjuang di Syria. "Tidak semua daripada mereka adalah radikal apabila mereka meninggalkan, tetapi kemungkinan besar ramai daripada mereka akan menjadi radikal di sana, akan dilatih," beliau memberi amaran pada bulan April, dilaporkan BBC.

Berpuluh-puluh ribu telah disembelih dalam konflik Syria. ISIS telah mendapat kehinaan tertentu untuk hukuman mati kejam, meninggalkan badan-badan di tempat-tempat awam. Lain-lain penyalahgunaan didokumenkan telah termasuk sebatan kanak-kanak dan kejutan penyeksaan elektrik.

(GRAPHIC) ‘Most bloody jihadist’: Syrian rebels 

slam UK extremists for atrocities

 A senior Syrian rebel commander has said that Britons in Syria make up the majority of the foreign members of the country’s most bloodthirsty terrorist group, renowned for its involvement in beheadings and crucifixions.

“They are not freedom fighters. They are terrorists. We, the Syrian people now experience beheadings, crucifixions, beatings, murders, outdated methods of treating women, an obsolete approach to governing society. Many who participate in these activities are British,” the Free Syrian Army’s Brigadier-General Abdulellah Basheer wrote in a letter to The Times published on Monday.

Other fighters come from France, Germany, Belgium and a range of countries across the Middle East and Africa, so the group is predominantly foreign, Basheer said.

At the same time, the leader called for the UK to supply weapons to help fight the Sunni group, known as The Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) and asked for help in restraining their spheres of influence and preventing its ideology from being exported.

The group uses such extreme violent methods that it has even been denounced by Al-Qaeda, which in February issued a statement to disown the group known as the Islamic State in Iraq and Levant (ISIL) at that time. The final ‘S’ in the acronym comes from ‘al-Sham’ and can either mean the Levant or Syria.

“Terrorism is not out of fashion; Syria has become its leading production factory,” Basheer wrote. “If ISIL is allowed to expand, these terrorists, having put their skills to the test in my country, will return to their homelands, perhaps to the UK, and continue on their pernicious path of destruction.”

Last week, 31-year-old Mashudur Choudhury, a UK-based dad of two, was the first Briton to be found guilty by a jury of terrorist offences linked to the Syrian violence.

“The evidence clearly shows that this defendant planned for and then travelled to Syria with the intention of attending a training camp,” prosecutor, Alison Morgan, told the jury.

Basheer offered his assessment of the conviction: “He is one of many. They are not freedom fighters, just terrorists.”

According to the EU anti-terror chief, Gilles de Kerchove, some 500 Europeans are fighting in Syria. “Not all of them are radical when they leave, but most likely many of them will be radicalized there, will be trained,” he cautioned in April, reported the BBC.

Tens of thousands have been slaughtered in the Syrian conflict. ISIS has garnered particular infamy for its brutal executions, leaving bodies in public places. Other documented abuses have included the flogging of children and electric shock torture.

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SEMUA ORANG adalah di bawah PENGAWASAN Kerajaan SEKARANG - Snowden

Edward Snowden (Reuters/Vincent Kessler)

SitiWanMahani - Pengawasan Kerajaan tidak lagi mensasarkan individu, tetapi seluruh penduduk, bekas kontraktor CIA Edward Snowden berkata. Pemberi maklumat itu muncul melalui pautan video dalam perdebatan Toronto ke atas program perisikan NSA.

Mengulas mengenai telatah Agensi Keselamatan Negara (NSA), yang telah diterangkan pada masa lalu sebagai "Orwellian dalam alam semula jadi," Snowden berkata setiap rakyat dipengaruhi oleh program perisikan.

"Ia tidak lagi berdasarkan amalan paip tradisional disasarkan berdasarkan beberapa syak wasangka individu tentang salah laku, "kata Snowden dalam video ringkas. "Ia meliputi panggilan telefon, e-mel, teks, carian sejarah, apa yang anda beli, yang mana rakan-rakan anda, di mana anda pergi, yang anda kasihi (who you love)"

Link video Snowden telah ditayangkan semasa perdebatan Munk di Toronto, di mana bekas pengarah Pentadbiran Keselamatan Negara Amerika Syarikat Ketua Michael Hayden dan undang-undang Profesor Harvard Alan Dershowitz ‘went head to head’ dengan Glen Greenwald dan Reddit pengasas Alexis Ohanian yang banyaknya pengawasan kerajaan.

Greenwald  yang bekerja dengan Snowden menerbitkan bahan dikelaskan yang dia bocor di NSA, berhujah bahawa kerajaan perlu menggunakan pengawasan yang disasarkan, tidak sewenang-wenangnya kaedah ditahan itu sedang digunakan.

Hayden & Dershowitz, bagaimanapun, terperangkap kepada pendirian kerajaan Amerika, mengekalkan pengawasan yang perlu untuk memastikan keselamatan negara.

Snowden ditangani perdebatan dari Rusia, di mana beliau kini menetap sekarang selepas diberikan suaka politik sementara di negara ini pada bulan Jun tahun lepas. Pemberi maklumat itu terpaksa tinggal di Rusia selepas Washington mengeluarkan suatu perintah ekstradisi terhadapnya dan didakwa di bawah Akta Perisikan.

Sejak pautan keselamatan Snowden mendedahkan NSA mensasarkan berjuta-juta rakyat serta kerajaan asing dengan pengawasan, pemimpin-pemimpin DUNIA telah menyamakan kedudukan kritikan di Washington.

Canselor Jerman Angela Merkel melawat White House pada hari Jumaat buat kali pertama sejak dia menemui komunikasi peribadi beliau telah menjadi sasaran oleh NSA tahun lepas.

Ayat-ayat pada mulanya dicetuskan retorik puntung berapi dari pemimpin Jerman yang menyamakan agensi kepada Stasi polis rahsia Jerman Timur.

lawatan terakhirnya ini melihat Merkel menerima pakai pendirian yang lebih tentatif kepada isu ini dan berkata bahawa "di bawah keadaan sekarang "Amerika Syarikat dan Jerman mempunyai" perbezaan pendapat" untuk diatasi.

Washington mendakwa ia telah membuat beberapa perubahan kepada dasar-dasar pengintipan domestik dan antarabangsa berikutan ayat-ayat Snowden.

"Di dalam negara, kami cuba untuk memberi jaminan tambahan kepada rakyat Amerika bahawa privasi mereka dilindungi. Tetapi apa yang saya juga telah lakukan adalah mengambil langkah tidak pernah berlaku sebelum pesanan masyarakat perisikan kita untuk mengambil kepentingan peribadi orang bukan Amerika Syarikat kira-kira dalam segala-galanya yang mereka lakukan, "kata Obama pada Jumaat.

Lanjut/READ MRE: http://on.rt.com/ybngr6

Everyone is under Government Surveillance Now – Snowden

Government surveillance no longer targets individuals, but entire populations, former CIA contractor Edward Snowden has said. The whistleblower appeared via video link in a Toronto debate over the NSA intelligence gathering programs.

Commenting on the antics of the National Security Agency, which have been described in the past as “Orwellian in nature,” Snowden said every citizen is affected by intelligence gathering programs

"It's no longer based on the traditional practice of targeted taps based on some individual suspicion of wrongdoing," Snowden said in the brief video. "It covers phone calls, emails, texts, search history, what you buy, who your friends are, where you go, who you love."

Snowden’s video link was screened during a Munk debate in Toronto, where former US National Security Administration director General Michael Hayden and Harvard law Professor Alan Dershowitz went head to head with Glen Greenwald and Reddit co-founder Alexis Ohanian over government surveillance.

Greenwald, who worked with Snowden publishing the classified material he leaked on the NSA, argued that governments should use targeted surveillance, not the indiscriminate, dragnet method currently in use. Hayden and Dershowitz, however, stuck to the American government stance, maintaining that surveillance is necessary to ensure national security.

Snowden addressed the debate from Russia, where he is currently residing after being granted temporary political asylum in the country in June of last year. The whistleblower was forced to stay in Russia after Washington issued an extradition order against him and charged him under the Espionage Act.

Since Snowden’s security links revealed the NSA targets millions of citizens as well as foreign governments with its surveillance, world leaders have leveled criticism at Washington.

German Chancellor Angela Merkel visited the White House on Friday for the first time since she discovered her personal communications were being targeted by the NSA last year. The revelations initially triggered firebrand rhetoric from the German leader, who likened the agency to the Stasi secret police of East Germany.

This latest visit saw Merkel adopt a more tentative stance to the issue and said that “under present conditions” the US and Germany have “differences in opinion” to overcome.

Washington claims it has made some changes to its domestic and international espionage policies following the Snowden revelations.

“Domestically, we tried to provide additional assurances to the American people that their privacy is protected. But what I've also done is taken the unprecedented step of ordering our intelligence community to take the privacy interests of non US persons into account in everything that they do,” said Obama on Friday.

Facebook, Google, yang lain MENGUMUMKAN Butiran PERMINTAAN Keselamatan NEGARA . . .

Reuters/Pawel Kopczynski - thinkINpictures @1WORLD Community)

SitiWanMahani – Beberapa syarikat yang paling berpengaruh di Lembah Silikon telah mengumumkan data mengenai permintaan keselamatan negara mereka telah menerima daripada kerajaan Amerika Syarikat, memperincikan bagaimana banyak permintaan yang mereka terima, berapa banyak syarikat itu bertindak balas kepada, dan butiran lain.

Pentadbiran Obama Isnin mengumumkan bahawa ia telah mencapai persetujuan dengan Facebook, LinkedIn, Yahoo, Google, dan Microsoft untuk membolehkan syarikat-syarikat untuk mendedahkan beberapa maklumat tentang permintaan pengawasan mensasarkan pelanggan mereka.

Apple mengeluarkan laporan ketelusan sendiri minggu lepas.

Pemegang Eric Peguam Negara Amerika Syarikat dan Pengarah Perisikan Nasional James Clapper berkata dalam satu kenyataan bersama bahawa syarikat-syarikat berteknologi kini diberi kuasa untuk mendedahkan “Jumlah pesanan keselamatan negara dan permin-taan yang dikeluarkan kepada pembekal komunikasi, bilangan akaun pelanggan yang disasarkan di bawah pesanan dan permintaan dan pihak berkuasa undang-undang asas.”

Syarikat-syarikat telah menghabiskan berbulan-bulan berjuang untuk apa-apa perjanjian selepas mengadu bahawa ditahan Agensi Keselamatan Negara yang didedahkan tahun lepas telah menjejaskan perniagaan .

“Kami memfailkan tindakan undang-undang kami kerana kami percaya bahawa orang ramai mempunyai hak untuk mengetahui jumlah dan jenis permintaan keselamatan negara yang kami terima,” kata 5 syarikat dalam satu kenyataan bersama hari ini.

“Kami gembira Jabatan Kehakiman telah bersetuju bahawa kami dan pembekal lain boleh mendedahkan maklumat ini. Walaupun ini adalah satu langkah yang sangat positif kami akan terus menggalakkan Kongres untuk mengambil langkah-langkah tambahan untuk menangani semua pembaharuan yang percaya diperlukan.”

Facebook, Google, others unveil National Security 

request details . . .

Some of the most influential companies in Silicon Valley have unveiled data regarding the national security requests they have received from the US government, detailing how many requests they receive, how many the company responds to, and other details.

The Obama administration announced Monday it had come to an agreement with Facebook, LinkedIn, Yahoo, Google, and Microsoft to allow the companies to disclose some details about the surveillance requests targeting their customers.

Apple released its own transparency report last week.

US Attorney General Eric Holder and Director of National Intelligence James Clapper said in a joint statement that the tech companies are now authorized to disclose the “number of national security orders and requests issued to communication providers, the number of customer accounts targeted under those orders and requests and the underlying legal authorities.”

The companies have spent months fighting for such a deal after complaining that the National Security Agency dragnet exposed last year had hurt business.

“We filed our lawsuits because we believe that the public has a right to know about the volume and types of national security requests we receive,” the five companies said in a joint statement Monday. “We’re pleased the Department of Justice has agreed that we and other providers can disclose this information. While this is a very positive step we’ll continue to encourage Congress to take additional steps to address all of the reforms we believe are needed.”

Kebebasan awam aktivis mengadakan perhimpunan terhadap pengawasan rakyat Amerika Syarikat pada 17 Januari 2014. (Civil liberties activists hold a rally against surveillance of US citizens on January 17, 2014. (AFP Photo/Nicholas Kamm - thinkINpictures @1WORLD Community)

Laporan menunjukkan bahawa, apabila pertama kebocoran Edward Snowden telah diumumkan pada bulan Jun, White House enggan untuk membuat apa-apa urus niaga dengan Lembah Silikon. Tetapi dengan tekanan media pemasangan dan beralih pemilihan membuktikan bahawa sejumlah besar rakyat Amerika ragu-ragu mengenai pengawasan NSA, pegawai pentadbiran memberitahu Politico masa untuk berunding yang telah datang.

“Walaupun data agregat ini dengan betul diklasifikasikan sehingga hari ini, Pejabat Pengarah Perisikan Kebangsaan, dengan berunding dengan jabatan-jabatan dan agensi-agensi lain, telah ditentukan bahawa kepentingan awam dalam mendedahkan maklumat ini sekarang melampaui kebimbangan keselamatan negara yang memerlukan pengke-lasannya,” Pemegang dinyatakan dan anak loceng.

Laporan ketelusan Facebook bagi separuh ke-2 tahun 2012 dan 6 bulan pertama tahun 2013 menyatakan bahawa hanya “sebahagian kecil” sebanyak 1 % peratus daripada penggunanya adalah sasaran sebarang permintaan pengawasan.

LinkedIn menerima “di antara 0 dan 249” permintaan yang berkaitan dengan keselamatan negara dalam tempoh 6 bulan pertama tahun 2013. Dalam tempoh masa yang sama, Microsoft berkata, ia yang dihantar di bawah 1,000 surat keselamatan negara berkaitan dengan kurang daripada 1,000 akaun.

Walau bagaimanapun, kerajaan masih melarang syarikat daripada mendedahkan butiran pengawasan tentang produk baru sehingga dua tahun selepas ia dilancarkan, satu keadaan yang telah kesal, kebebasan awam penyokong memanggil untuk perubahan yang lebih luas.

Brad Smith, peguam am Microsoft dan naib presiden eksekutif syarikat bagi hal ehwal undang-undang dan korporat, telah berkata kerajaan bersetuju untuk membenarkan syarikat-syarikat mendedahkan permintaan “dalam kumpulan-kumpulan ribu” dan hanya 6 bulan selepas permintaan dibuat.

“Meminta orang ramai dan pembuat dasar untuk cuba menilai kesesuaian amalan penga-wasan kerajaan berdasarkan, digabungkan, sebilangan tunggal bulat adalah seperti bertanya doktor untuk mendiagnosis bayangan pesakit: Satu-satunya masalah yang paling utama dan yang paling jelas, jika itu pun , akan menjadi pernah terbukti”, Kevin Bankston, pengarah dasar di Institut Teknologi Terbuka Yayasan Amerika Baru, Politico mem-beritahu.

Reports indicate that, when the first of the Edward Snowden leaks were publicized in June, the White House was reluctant to make any deals with Silicon Valley. But with media pressure mounting and shifting polls proving that a sizable number of Americans are skeptical about the NSA surveillance, administration officials told Politico the time to negotiate had come.

“While this aggregate data was properly classified until today, the office of the Director of National Intelligence, in consultation with other departments and agencies, has determined that the public interest in disclosing this information now outweighs the national security concerns that require its classification,” stated Holder and Clapper.

Facebook’s transparency report for the latter half of 2012 and the first six months of 2013 noted that only a “small fraction” of one percent of its users were the target of any surveillance requests.

LinkedIn received “between 0 and 249” national security-related requests in the first six months of 2013. Over the same time period, Microsoft said it was sent under 1,000 national security letters pertaining to fewer than 1,000 accounts.

However, the government still prohibits companies from disclosing surveillance details about a new product until two years after it was launched, a condition that has irked civil liberties advocates calling for wider change.

Brad Smith, Microsoft’s general counsel and the company’s executive vice president for legal and corporate affairs, has said the government agreed to let the companies disclose requests “in bands of a thousand” and only six months after a request was made.

“Asking the public and policymakers to try to judge the appropriateness of the government’s surveillance practices based on a single, combined, rounded number is like asking a doctor to diagnose a patient’s shadow: only the grossest and most obvious problem, if even that, will be ever evident,” Kevin Bankston, policy director at the New America Foundation’s Open Technology Institute, told Politico.

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